Health

Advisory

CORRECTED: INVESTIGATION OF U.S. TRAVELER WITH

EXTENSIVELY DRUG RESISTANT TUBERCULOSIS (XDR TB)

The Division of Public Health is forwarding this Health Advisory from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. To contact DPH

about this Health Advisory, call 1-888-295-5156. This number is answered during normal business hours, and during non-business hours for

emergencies.

This is an official

CDC Health Advisory

Distributed via Health Alert Network

May 29, 2007, 15:30 EST (03:30 PM EST)

CDCHAN-00262-07-05-29-UPD-N

Corrected: Investigation of U.S. Traveler with

Extensively Drug Resistant Tuberculosis (XDR TB)

This message is being sent to correct the flight number of the Czech Air flight on May 24, 2007 from Prague, Czech Republic to Montreal,

Canada. The flight number was 0104 not 410.

Original information from CDC Advisory #00261, transmitted May 29, 2007:

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) is working with a number of international, state, and local partners on an

investigation involving a U.S. citizen recently diagnosed with extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (XDR TB). XDR TB has been recently

defined as a subtype of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR TB) with additional resistance to the two most important second-line

antibiotics (i.e., a fluoroquinolone and an injectable agent [amikacin, kanamycin, or capreomycin]) in addition to the two most important

first-line drugs (i.e., isoniazid and rifampin).

CDC learned that a patient with XDR TB traveled to Europe via commercial airline (Air France # 385) departing Atlanta on May 12 and

arriving in Paris on May 13, 2007, and returned to the United States after taking a commercial flight on May 24 from Prague, Czech

Republic to Montreal, Canada (Czech Air # 410). The patient re-entered the U.S. on May 24 via automobile. Since May 25, the patient has

been hospitalized in respiratory isolation and is undergoing additional medical evaluation.

CDC is collaborating with U.S. state and local health departments, international Ministries of Health, the airline industry, and the

World Health Organization (WHO) regarding appropriate notification and follow up of passengers and crew potentially at risk for exposure

to XDR TB. Each country involved in the investigation is determining the most appropriate guidance for its residents. The following

recommendations have been developed for U.S. residents who may have been exposed to this patient.

This patient has radiographic evidence of pulmonary TB, is culture-positive for XDR TB, but is sputum smear negative for acid fast

bacilli and is relatively asymptomatic. On the basis of the patient’s clinical and laboratory status, and lack of receiving

adequate treatment for XDR TB, this patient was considered potentially infectious at the time of his airline travel, and meets the

criteria in the WHO guidelines for initiating an airline contact investigation.  http://whqlibdoc.who.int/hq/2006/WHO_HTM_TB_2006.363_eng.pdf

In accordance with the WHO TB and Airline Travel Guidelines, to ensure appropriate follow-up and care for persons who may have been

exposed to XDR TB, CDC is recommending the following for passengers and crew onboard Air France # 385 departing Atlanta on May 12 and

arriving in Paris on May 13, and on Czech Air # 410 departing from Prague and arriving in Montreal on May 24: passengers seated in the

same row as the index patient and those seated in the two rows ahead and the two rows behind, as well as the cabin crew members working

in the same cabin should be evaluated for TB infection. This includes initial evaluation and testing with follow up 8-10 weeks later for

re-evaluation.

As there has never been an airline contact investigation for XDR TB, it is not known if the current recommendations are adequate to

determine the possible range and risk of transmission of infection. Because of the serious consequences of XDR TB and anticipated public

concern, in addition to the contacts listed above, all U.S. residents and citizenson these flights should be notified and encouraged to

seek TB testing and evaluation.

Drug-susceptible (regular) TB and XDR TB are thought to be spread the same way. TB bacilli become aerosolized when a person with TB

disease of the lungs or throat coughs, sneezes, speaks, or sings. These bacilli can float in the air for several hours, depending on the

environment. Persons who breathe air containing these TB bacilli can become infected.

The risk of acquiring any type of TB appears to depend on several factors, such as extent of disease in the source patient, duration of

exposure, and ventilation. Transmission has been documented in association with patients who have lung disease, and bacteria seen or

cultured in sputum. Persons who become infected usually have been exposed for several hours (or days) in poorly ventilated or crowded

environments. An important way to prevent the spread and transmission is by limiting an infectious person’s contact with other

people. Thus, people who have a confirmed diagnosis of TB or XDR TB are placed on treatment and kept isolated until they are no longer

infectious.

Persons who believe they may have been exposed to TB or XDR TB can call 1-800 CDC INFO for further information.

Where to go for information about:

Tuberculosis:

• http://www.cdc.gov/tb/default.htm

XDR TB:

• http://www.cdc.gov/tb/pubs/tbfactsheets/xdrtb.htm and
• http://www.cdc.gov/tb/pubs/tbfactsheets/cdcandxdrtb.htm

TB Testing:

• http://www.cdc.gov/tb/pubs/tbfactsheets/skintesting.htm and
• http://www.cdc.gov/tb/pubs/tbfactsheets/QFT.htm

Infection control:

• http://www.cdc.gov/tb/pubs/tbfactsheets/ichcs.htm and
• http://www.cdc.gov/tb/pubs/tbfactsheets/rphcs.htm

Tuberculosis and Air Travel:

• http://whqlibdoc.who.int/hq/2006/WHO_HTM_TB_2006.363_eng.pdf