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    home icon > Division of Public Health > About DPH > Sections > Family Health and Systems Management Section > Family Planning > Contraceptive Options > Vaginal Spermicides

    Vaginal Spermicides

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    Division of Public Health

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    Vaginal Spermicides

    What Is It?

    Creams, gels/jellies, foams, films or suppositories containing sperm-killing chemicals.

    How Does It Work?

    • Kills sperm
    • Some kinds block sperm from entering the cervix
    • Prevents fertilization

    How Is It Used?

    • Placed inside the vagina by hand or with applicator before sex
    • May be placed on condom, or inside diaphragm or cervical cap

    Effectiveness

    • 74% – 94%
    • Using a condom with spermicide increases effectiveness up to 99.9%

    Important Notes

    • Only effective for about one hour when used alone
    • Additional application is needed for each act of intercourse
    • Follow instructions, some are not effective until 10-15 minutes after inserting

    Benefits

    • No prescription needed
    • Available at most drugstores

    Possible Concerns

    • May cause irritation or discomfort
    • Frequent spermicide use (> or = 2 times/day) may cause irritation that may increase susceptibility to HIV
    • May increase risk for vaginal and urinary tract infections
    • Some people may be allergic to spermicides
    • Proper use may interrupt sexual mood
    • May leak, or feel messy

    NOT PROVEN TO REDUCE THE RISK OF HIV/AIDS AND STDs